Phono preamp (aka phono stage): A phono preamp is needed to amplify and equalize the sound coming from vinyl.This is adjusted at the end of the tonearm opposite the cartridge. Apply too much and you’ll cause excessive wear of the stylus and the record itself. Apply too little and the cartridge and arm will bounce around, skipping constantly. Tracking force (5): Cartridges are designed to apply a particular amount of force to a record, specified in grams.To learn about the difference between these two methods, read “ Outgrown Your Starter Record Player? Here’s How to Shop for a Quality Turntable.” Direct-drive turntables have the motor directly connected to the platter. In a belt-drive turntable (like the one in our photo example), an elastic belt connects the motor to the platter and spins it. Drive method (4): The platter is either belt-driven or direct-driven.The platter should be as dense as possible to reduce rumble and other mechanical noises that will otherwise make it into the music. The platter sits on the base of the turntable (aka the plinth), where it’s rotated by either a direct-drive system or a belt-drive system (see below). Platter (3): This is what the record sits on.There are many types of cartridges, but almost all entry-level turntables use moving-magnet designs. The stylus moves up and down, left and right, producing a waveform for both stereo channels. Phono cartridge (2): The cartridge and its stylus are what physically play the record.Carbon fiber and other composites are light and stiff, whereas cheaper metals like aluminum are light but have much more resonance. You want a tonearm that’s light and rigid so that it doesn’t resonate-that resonance will make it into the music.
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